AM1.5G is the internationally accepted reference spectrum for terrestrial solar energy research, defined by standards such as IEC 60904-9. Experiments on solar cells, photocatalysis and solar fuels all report performance under AM1.5G so that results are comparable. A solar simulator must therefore meet four specifications: spectral match, irradiance level, spatial uniformity and temporal stability.
Spectral match is evaluated by dividing the 400–1100 nm range into six wavelength intervals and comparing the simulator output to the AM1.5G reference in each interval. Simulator classes (A, B, C) are assigned per interval. Check the match report, not just the class letter, and pay special attention to the intervals where your device absorbs.
The standard intensity is 100 mW/cm² (1 sun). Confirm the achievable range and whether the lamp can be operated at reduced intensity for linearity studies. A calibrated reference cell or photometer is needed to verify the setpoint.
Uniformity is the specification most often overlooked. A hot spot in the beam can inflate apparent efficiency by a surprising margin. Acceptance testing should map the intensity across the entire working area on a grid, and the target area for your sample must sit inside the qualified zone.
Long experiments need stable output over hours. Xenon arc lamps drift as they age, so record short-term flicker and long-term drift separately, and re-verify before each measurement campaign.
Verify the reference cell calibration chain; map uniformity on a grid; confirm the setpoint at the sample plane; and log lamp hours. Repeat verification on a fixed schedule, because simulator performance degrades continuously with use.
For photovoltaic device testing, Perfectlight provides solar cell test systems and matched light sources; configuration details are described under light source solutions.
